Lesson 1
adjacent - near, next to, adjoining
alight - to get down from, step down from; to come down from the air, land; lighted up
barren - not productive, bare
disrupt - to break up, disturb
dynasty - a powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time
foretaste - an advance indication, sample, or warning
germinate - to begin to grow, come into being
humdrum - ordinary, dull, routine, without variation
hurtle - to rush violently, dash headlong; to fling or hurl forcefully
insinuate - to suggest or hint slyly; to edge into something indirectly
interminable - endless, so long as to seem endless
interrogate - to ask questions, examine by questioning
recompense - to pay back; to give a reward; a payment for loss, service, or injury
renovate - to repair, restore to good condition, make new again
resume (accent marks not shown) - a brief summary; a short written account of one's education, working experience, or qualifications for a job
sullen - silent or brooding because of ill humor, anger, or resentment; slow moving, sluggish
trickle - to flow or fall by drops or in a small stream; a small, irregular quantity of anything
trivial - not important, minor; ordinary, commonplace
truce - a pause in fighting, temporary peace
vicious - evil, bad; spiteful; having bad habits or an ugly disposition; painfully severe or extreme
Lesson 2
available - ready for use, at hand
cater - to satisfy the needs of, try to make things easy and pleasant; to supply food and service
customary - usual, expected, routine
dissuade - to persuade not to do something
entrepreneur - a person who starts up and takes on the risk of a business
firebrand - a piece of burning wood; a troublemaker; an extremely energetic or emotional person
hazard - risk, peril; to expose to danger or harm; to gamble
hinder - to delay; to stop or prevent from happening
homicide - the killing of one person by another
indifference - a lack of interest or concern
indignant - filled with resentment or anger over something unjust, unworthy, or mean
indispensable - absolutely necessary, not to be neglected
lubricate - to apply oil or grease; to make smooth, slippery, or easier to use
mutual - shared, felt, or shown equally by two or more
pelt - to throw a stream of things; to strike successively; to hurry
plague - an easily spread disease causing a large number of deaths; a widespread evil; to annoy or bother
poised - balanced, suspended; calm, controlled; ready for action
regime - a government in power; a form or system of rule or management; a period of rule
transparent - allowing light to pass through; easily recognized or understood; easily seen through or detected
unscathed - wholly unharmed, not injured
Lesson 3
animated - full of life, lively, alive; moved to action
brood - a family of young animals, especially birds; any group having the same nature and origin; to think over in a worried, unhappy way
constituent - an essential part; a voter who elects a representative
culminate - to reach a high point of development; to end, climax
downright - thoroughly; absolute, complete; frank, blunt
drone - a loafer, idler; a buzzing or humming sound; a remote-control device; a male bee; to make a buzzing sound, to speak in a dull tone of voice
goad - to drive or urge on; something used to drive or urge on
hanker - to long (for), to desire
indulge - to give in to a wish or desire, give oneself up to
literate - able to read and write; showing an excellent educational background; having knowledge or training
loom - to come into view; to appear in exaggerated form; a machine for weaving
luster - the quality of giving off light, brightness, glitter
miscellaneous - mixed, of different kinds
oration - a public speech for a formal occasion
peevish - cross, complaining, irritable; contrary
seethe - to boil or foam; to be excited or disturbed
singe - to burn slightly; a burn at the ends or edges
unique - one of a kind; unequaled; unusual; found only in a given class place, or situation
upright - vertical, straight; good, honest; in a vertical position
verify - to establish the truth or accuracy of, confirm
Lesson 4
alliance - A joining together for some common purpose
bewilder - To puzzle completely, confuse
buffoon - A clown; a coarse, stupid person
controversial - Arousing argument, dispute, or disagreement
dishearten - To discourage
fruitless - Not producing the desired results, unsuccessful
hostile - Unfriendly; unfavorable, warlike, aggressive
inflammable - Easily set on fire; easily angered or aroused
inflict - To give or cause something unpleasant, impose
malignant - Deadly, extremely harmful, evil; spiteful, malicious
mortify - To hurt someone's feelings deeply; to cause embarrassment or humiliation; to subdue or discipline by self-denial or suffering
orthodox - In agreement with established or generally accepted beliefs or ways of doing things
procure - To obtain through special effort; to bring about
scurry - To run quickly, scamper, hurry
sodden - soaked with liquid or moisture; expressionless, dull; spiritless, listless
spirited - Full of life and vigor; courageous
virtual - Having a certain force or effect in fact but not in name; so close as to be equivalent to the real thing
void - Completely empty; having no legal force or effect; empty or unfilled space; to cancel or nullify
wayward - Disobedient, willful; unpredictable, capricious
wince - To draw back suddenly, as though in pain or fear; the act of drawing back in this way
Lesson 5
anecdote - a short account of an incident in someone's life
consolidate - to combine, unite; to make solid or firm
counterfeit - an imitation designed to deceive; not genuine, fake; to make an illegal copy
docile - easily taught, led, or managed; obedient
dominate - to rule over by strength or power, control; to tower over, command due to height
entreat - to beg, implore, as earnestly
fallible - capable of being wrong, mistaken, or inaccurate
fickle - liable to change very rapidly, erratic; marked by a lack of constancy or steadiness, inconsistent
fugitive - one who flees or runs away; fleeting, lasting a very short time; wandering; difficult to grasp
grimy - very dirty, covered with dirt or soot
iota - a very small part or quantity
maul - to beat or knock about, handle roughly; to mangle; a heavy hammer
potential - possible, able to happen; something that can develop or become a reality
radiant - shining bright; giving forth light or energy
rural - relating to farm areas and life in the country
substantial - large, important; major, significant; prosperous; not imaginary, material
tactful - skilled in handling difficult situations or people, polite
tamper - to interfere with; to handle in a secret and improper way
ultimate - last, final; most important or extreme; eventual; basic, fundamental
uncertainty - doubt, the state of being unsure
Lesson 6
anonymous - unnamed, without the name of the person involved (writer, composer, etc.); unknown; lacking individuality or character
browse - to nibble, graze; to read casually; to window-shop
dupe - a person easily tricked or deceived; to deceive
dynamic - active, energetic, forceful
eradicate - to root out, get rid of, destroy completely
frustrate - to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; to cause feelings of discouragement
grim - stern, merciless; fierce, savage, cruel
inimitable - not capable of being copied or imitated
makeshift - a temporary substitute for something else; crude, flimsy, or temporary
marginal - in, at, or near the edge or margin; only barely good, large, or important enough for the purpose
pending - waiting to be settled; until
prescribe - to order as a rule or course to be followed; to order for medical purposes
preview - something seen in advance; to view beforehand
prominent - standing out so as to be easily seen; important
quaint - odd or old-fashioned in a pleasing way; clever, ingenious; skillfully made
reluctant - unwilling, holding back
scrimp - to handle very economically or stingily; to supply in a way that is small, short, or scanty
snare - to trap, catch; a trap or entanglement
utmost - greatest, highest, farthest; the extreme limit
vengeance - punishment in return for an injury or a wrong; unusual force or violence
Lesson 7
amiss - faulty, imperfect, not as it should be; in a mistaken or improper way, wrongly
brawl - a noisy quarrel or fight; to quarrel or fight noisily
detest - to hate, dislike very much, loathe
domestic - native to a country, not foreign; relating to the life or affairs of a household; a household servant
flagrant - extremely bad, glaring; scandalous, notorious
flaw - a slight fault, defect, crack
fledgling - an inexperienced person, beginner; a young bird about to leave the nest; inexperienced, budding
fluster - to make or become confused, agitated, or nervous; a state of confusion or agitation
foremost - chief, most important, primary; in the first place
momentum - the force or speed with which something moves
notable - striking, remarkable; a person who is well known, distinguished, or outstanding in some way
nurture - to bring up, care for, train, nourish; rearing, training
paradox - a self-contradictory statement that on closer examination proves true; a person or thing with seemingly contradictory qualities
perjury - the act of swearing to a lie
presume - to take for granted, assume or suppose; to dare, take upon oneself, take liberties
prior - earlier, former
proficient - skilled, expert, or capable in any field or activity
salvo - a burst of gunfire or cannon shot, often as a tribute or salute; a sudden burst of anything; a spirited verbal attack
vigilant - wide-awake, alert, watchful
wrath - intense anger
Lesson 8
abnormal - not usual, not typical, strange
capsize - to turn bottom side up, upset
catastrophe - a large-scale disaster, misfortune, or failure
decrease - to become or make less; a lessening
disputatious - inclined to argue or debate; provoking debate
evict - to force out from a property, eject
flourish - to grow, thrive, be prosperous; to wave in the air; a dramatic gesture; a fanfare of horns
incentive - a reason for doing something; something that stimulates action
insubordinate - disobedient, rebellious
legible - easily read
nub - the central point or heart of a matter; a knob
onslaught - a violent attack; a sudden rush of something
ordain - to establish by law; to order or command; to appoint as a priest or minister; to destine
outstrip - to get ahead of, do better than, exceed
pervade - to spread throughout
prudent - cautious, careful, showing good sense
quench - to put out, extinguish, end
remnant - a small part remaining behind
simultaneous - happening or existing at the same time
swerve - to turn aside sharply; a sharp or sudden turn
Lesson 9
accelerate - to speed up, cause to move faster; to bring about more quickly
bystander - one who looks on or observes, a person present but not taking part
canvass - to go through an area in order to procure votes, sales, or opinions; to go over in detail; to discuss
casual - happening by chance or on an irregular basis; showing little concern; informal
downtrodden - treated unfairly or cruelly; oppressed
entice - to attract, tempt
erode - to wear away gradually, eat away
flounder - to thrash about in a clumsy or ineffective way
graphic - lifelike, vivid; relating to the pictorial arts
gruesome - horrible, revolting, ghastly
melancholy - sad, gloomy, unhappy; sadness, gloominess
ordeal - a difficult or painful experience, a trial
parch - to make dry and thirsty; to shrivel with heat
persist - to continue steadily in a course of action, refuse to stop or be changed; to last, refrain
puny - of less than normal strength or size, of no importance
quibble - to evade or belittle a point by twisting words or raising minor objections; a petty objection
ratify - to approve, give formal approval to, confirm
regal - royal, kinglike; fit for a king
stifle - to smother, prevent from breathing; to hold back or choke off
vital - having life, living; necessary to life, essential; key, crucial
Lesson 10
bellow - to make a sound similar to that of a bull, roar; a loud, angry roar
beneficiary - one who benefits from something; a person who is left money or other property in a will or the like
botch - to repair or patch poorly; make a mess of; a hopelessly bungled job
clutter - to fill or cover in a disorderly way; a state of disorder, mess
dilapidated - falling apart or ruined, run-down
dismantle - to take apart; to strip of something
farce - a play filled with ridiculous or absurd happenings; broad or far-fetched humor; a ridiculous sham
futile - not successful, failing to have any result; useless; unimportant, frivolous
grueling - very tiring, calling for an extreme effort
hospitable - offering friendly or generous treatment to guests; open to anything new or strange
lair - the home or den of a wild animal; any hideout
lavish - overly generous, extravagant; abundant; to spend or give freely or without limit
morbid - in an unhealthy mental state, extremely gloomy; caused by or related to disease, unwholesome
notorious - widely known because of bad conduct
pamper - to allow too many privileges, be too generous and easygoing toward
parasite - an organism that lives in or on another organism; one who lives off another person
shirk - to avoid or get out of doing work, neglect a duty; to sneak, slink
surplus - an amount beyond what is required, excess; more than what is needed or expected
timidity - the state of being easily frightened
veto - the power to forbid or prevent; to prohibit, reject
Lesson 11
adequate - sufficient, enough
ajar - partly open
dialogue - a conversation between two or more people; an interchange of opinions and ideas, free discussion
emblem - a symbol, sign, token
gigantic - huge, giant, immense
havoc - very great destruction, ruin; great confusion and disorder
hearth - the floor of a fireplace; the fireside as a symbol of the home and family
implore - to beg earnestly for
infamous - very wicked; disgraceful, shameful
innumerable - too many too count, without number
lax - not strict, careless; lacking discipline; not tense, relaxed
mar - to spoil, damage, injure
misdemeanor - a crime or offense that is less serious than a felony; any minor misbehavior or misconduct
mull - to think about, ponder; to grind or mix; to heat and flavor with spices
narrative - a story, detailed report; having the quality or the nature of a story
overture - an opening move toward negotiation or action; a proposal or offer; an introductory section or part
pact - an agreement, treaty
stalemate - a situation in which further action by either of two opponents is impossible; to bring to a standstill
vindictive - bearing a grudge, feeling or showing a strong tendency toward revenge
wilt - to become limp and drooping (as a flower), wither; to lose strength and vigor
Lesson 12
abound - to be plentiful, be filled
braggart - a boaster; boastful in a loud annoying way
cache - a hiding place; something hidden or stored
clarification - the act of making clear or understandable, an explanation
despondent - sad, without hope, discouraged
embezzle - to steal property entrusted to one's care
heartrending - causing mental pain or grief
leisurely - unhurried, Taking plenty of time; in an easygoing or unhurried way
lethargic - unnaturally sleepy; dull, slow moving; indifferent
malady - a sickness, illness, disease, disorder
mellow - ripe, well-matured; soft, sweet, and rich; gentle, pleasant; to become gentle and sweet
nomadic - wandering, moving about from place to place
piecemeal - one piece at a time; gradually
quest - a search, hunt; to search, seek, ask
random - by chance, not planned or prearranged; irregular
rant - to speak wildly and noisily; loud, violent talk
reinforce - to make stronger with new materials or support
seclusion - isolation from others, solitude
status - a person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing, especially in society; prestige
turmoil - a state of great confusion or disorder; mental strain or agitation
Lesson 13
agitation - a violent stirring or movement; noisy confusion, excitement; a stirring up of public enthusiasm
blurt - to say suddenly or without thinking
chronological - arranged in order of time of occurrence
countenance - a face, facial expression; to tolerate or approve
diminish - to make or become smaller, reduce in size
enchant - to please greatly; to charm, put under a magic spell
fluctuate - to change continually; to move up and down
foster - to bring up, give care to; to promote, encourage; in the same family but not related by birth
grovel - to humble oneself, act in a fearful and servile way; to lie face downward; to indulge in something base or unworthy
handicraft - work done by hand; a trade requiring hand skill
hilarious - extremely funny, causing loud amusement
ignite - to set on fire, cause to burn; to heat up, excite
magnitude - the great size or importance of something
massive - large and heavy; great in size or scope
maternal - of or like a mother
pall - to lose in interest, attraction, or effectiveness; to become tiresome; a dark covering, something that conceals
reputable - well thought of, having a good reputation
revere - to love and respect deeply, honor greatly
saga - a narrative of heroic exploits; a long, detailed account
stodgy - dull, boring; old-fashioned, hidebound; lumpy, thick
Lesson 14
affliction - a physical ailment; a cause of pain or trouble, misfortune
akin - related by blood; having similar qualities or character
cosmopolitan - found in most parts of the world; having many fields of interest; of worldwide scope; sophisticated
elongate - to grow in length, become longer; to extend the length of
gala - a public entertainment marking a special event, a festive occasion; festive, showy
gaudy - flashy, showy; not in good taste
gratitude - appreciation, thankfulness
heed - to pay careful attention to, not; to be guided by; close attention or consideration
hoax - an act intended to trick or deceive, a fraud; to trick, deceive
impartial - just, unbiased, fair, not taking sides
impostor - a swindler, deceiver; one who uses a false name or character in order to cheat
inflate - to fill with air or gas; to swell or puff out; to make something appear larger than it is
meager - poor, scant, unsatisfactory; thin, slight
meditate - to think about deeply and quietly, reflect upon; to plan, intend
nutritious - nourishing, valuable and satisfying as food
oppress - to govern or rule cruelly or unjustly; to weigh heavily upon
pedestrian - one who goes on foot; relating to walking; on foot; ordinary, unimaginative
transmit - to send on, pass along, send out
vanquish - to defeat in a battle or contest, overthrow; to overcome a feeling or condition
wan - unnaturally pale or sickly looking; lacking vitality; dim, faint; weak, ineffectual
Lesson 15
authoritative - official, coming from a source that calls for obedience or belief; dictatorial
bankrupt - in a state of financial ruin; to ruin financially; one who has been ruined financially
clamor - a public outcry; any loud and continued noise; to call for by loud, continued outcries
coincide - to be in full agreement; to be the same in nature, character, or function; to happen at the same time
cynical - inclined to believe the worst of people; bitterly mocking or sneering
despot - a ruler who oppresses his or her subjects, a tyrant
feud - a bitter, long-term quarrel; to fight or quarrel with
haggle - to argue in a petty way, especially about a price
hardy - able to bear up under difficult conditions or harsh treatment; brave and tough
harmonious - able to get along together well; combining different elements that blend pleasingly; melodious
hoard - to store up, save; a hidden store or supply
indisposed - slightly ill; disinclined to do something
legacy - an inheritance; something handed down from an ancestor or from the past
legitimate - lawful, rightful; reasonable, justifiable
mirth - merry fun, gaiety; laughter
officiate - to perform the duties of an office; to conduct a religious ceremony; to referee
partial - not complete; favoring one side over another; showing a strong liking for someone or something
patronize - to give one's business to regularly as a customer; to support, provide financial help; to treat someone as an inferior while making a show of being kind or gracious
rite - a ceremony; the customary form of a ceremony; any formal custom or practice
sagacious - shrewd; wise in a keen, practical way
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